Vaccines

The best friend of immune system and the best prophylactic medicine of better evolved species

Blooded species like fish, birds and mammals evolved to have a completely different defensive weapon as opposed to the small molecular chemicals produced by plants and other lower organisms in defending against disease causing smaller organisms like viruses, bacteria and worms. Are blooded species better organism than others? For those who believe in evolution, yes, they are as they took more time to evolve. Whether they are better organisms or not, their body functions much different from other lower organisms. They evolved to defend against infectious pathogens and erroneous cells (cancer) by a group of mechanism collectively known as immune system. All blooded species have a great amount of similarity in the immune system and at the same time species specific variations and individual specific variations are also there. Human species evolved over millions of years and thus our system also evolved all along. As it evolved human immune system adopted advantageous functions of other organism and also developed their own. So to treat a human, USIMB exploits the human immune system's general properties and in addition patient specific characteristics.

Instead of developing a small molecule like penicillin (or other antibiotics)that fungi species developed, immune system developed a macromolecule (large protein) based defense. That macromolecule is antibody. Why then we continue try to develop so many chemical drugs based on their use in fungi and plants? If human body knew it would be better to develop such small molecule based mechanism to defend, wouldn't it evolved or continued to produce those antibiotics? Why then it evolved a complicated immune system of humoral and cellular defense? Is it not wrong to develop such chemicals as drugs which is opposite of what human body developed? How intelligent those scientists who still continue discovering, manufacturing and marketing those chemicals are? Their answer is that in the event of non availability of proper immune molecule what else we treat the disease with? Is there any logic in this type of argument? All these years, countries all over the world invested trillions of $ all to continue research in wrong direction and produce wrong chemicals as medications? Is it not the money of hard working poor people that goes to the government and comes back as grants to government and private research institutions and industries? If our money is used in wrong approach to start to finish how do we get proper medicines? If scientists do not discover proper medicine and gave doctors only wrong medicines, doctors can treat patients only with wrong medicines. Please feel free to listen to Harvard Medical School Professor and a leading physician Dr. Marcia Angell's lecture on how drug companies do clinical trial by clicking here and come back to our site to learn more.

Why don't we study the human biology and immunology and find out how body defends and where faults occur in the immune system and how we could rectify without drastically different chemical but with macromolecules (biosimilars) that the body missed to produce or find ways to get rid off the wrongly produced macromolecules? Instead why do we swallow or inject chemicals that the lower organisms are using to defend them? Are we not different from those lower species? Most of these companies and pseudo scientists want to make money, no matter what happens to humans. So they continue to research, produce and market irrelevant toxic chemicals in the form of medicines. You may read more about this in the Cancer section .

Treating as opposed to vaccinating

Most of the drugs we use in the treatment are not the ones human body ever known to produce. So it is completely wrong in doing research in those lines. Pseudo scientists (not at USIMB) miserably failed to treat most of the diseases. Take for example a patient with a virus infection. Doctor is going to say, as of now, not that many medicines available to treat viruses and ones available are not that good either. This is why we are losing so many lives to various viruses like Swine flue, HIV, HCV, Hepatitis, Ebola etc.. Please visit our Herbal section to learn more on this. Now, coming to treat an infection or a cancer, let use weigh our options of treating after we get the disease and preventing by vaccination. Most of the pathogens once they enter into our body they stay there for ever. It is particularly truer coming to viruses. There is a constant war between these internally residing viruses and out immune system. Most of the time our immune system wins and hence the viruses remain dormant. But they do not go away from our body, but still sits there. Whenever the immune system of the infected person gets affected, viruses flare up and give variety of diseases starting from cancer to shingles. First treating a disease is very expensive and very long time affair. But prevention by vaccination is thousand to million fold cheaper than treatment. As we did in the eradication of small pox, why don't we just produce every possible virus that could infect human and immunize humans with dead or attenuated live viruses? Are we not producing such vaccines for polio, tuberculosis, small pox etc.? Yes we are. But it is completely a wrong approach of immunizing humans with such vaccines DNA containing materials of viruses and bacteria. Consider the case of genetically engineering DNA of an egg or sperm or the somatic cell and use that DNA to produce embryos/babies. Don't governments prevent such manipulation of genetic material? Yes they do. But injecting DNA of viruses and bacteria into human body, are we not modifying/mutating human DNA that gets transferred to generations via germline mutation? Absolutely. Why then the government blocks the manipulation of embryo DNA but allows an indirect way of manipulation the same DNA in the name of vaccines?

Recombinant vaccines versus killed or attenuated live virus vaccines

Usually an antigen presenting cell presents (APC)a small peptide of 8-11 amino acids specific to the infected pathogen. There are only few such peptides that would be chosen by the APCs of the entire human population. It is not going to be single peptide that all individual's APCs is going select and present. APCs of ethnically different people may present different peptide and also viruses of different geographic location may differ in their peptide sequences. If immune system is going to recognize and respond to only a small peptide, why do we then inject the whole virus, dead or alive? WHat is the role of viral DNAs in immune protection? If DNAs are not going to be used by APCs for recognition and responding, why do we then inject the dangerous viral DNAs into humans in the name of vaccination? Because that is what our industrialists and pseudo scientists are able to produce until now. Have you heard of viral promoters? Anyone worked in a molecular biology lab would know about it. It is a piece of DNA of varying length that promotes transcription DNA into mRNA. Some promoters yield more mRNA. Most of them are from bacterial viruses or from mammalian viruses. Most of the plasmid vectors used to produce biosimilar therapeutic native human proteins contain only viral promoters from viruses CMV, SV40, etc. and some from the dangerous retro viruses too. These sequences are also present in all the virus vaccines other than the recombinant vaccines. DNAs in general get integrated into other DNA easily either at places where see a fragment of similar sequence (legitimate recombination) or randomly at will (illegitimate recombination). Suppose they insert into genome upstream of oncogenes, oncogenes will get transcribed and onco proteins will be produced in large quantities creating cancer disease. They may insert anywhere in the genome and into the germline cells and thus would get carried for generations producing mutant of humans. The governments that block germline editing also compels us to get injected with vaccines containing DNA and thus allowing germline editing. The only difference between vaccine mediated germline DNA alteration and scientists initiated germline editing is that inn the latter scientists have full control of what they put in and what they take out, whereas in the former nobody the any control. One can only laugh at these pseudo scientists and politicians? USIMB do not have pseudo scientists and thus neither discover, nor produce, nor recommend to produce any such vaccines that include pathogens' DNAs.

USIMB's Robotic High Throughput Vaccine Discovery

A real global vaccine discovery platform that integrates dedicated robots with femto level label free signal detection screening

A global vaccine should have been discovered involving as diverged ethnic population as possible at the discovery stage itself. This approach will have minimal failure at the clinical trial stage. If we include all the surface expressed genes of the pathogen for the screening at the discovery stage, then clinical trial success would become 100%. In other words if the pathogen has a peptide or peptides that the human immune system can recognize and respond, they would have been included in the screening assay as the USIMB's discovery process includes all genes not a select set. The current vaccine discovery approaches of industries and academic institutes suffer few major drawbacks. 1. No whole genome approach; working on one or two select gene set of pathogens as vaccine candidates. Probability of missing out real vaccine candidates is higher. 2. Discovery stage is mostly based with non human system. This approach has high failure rate at clinical trials which is done with humans. 3. Screening approach includes labelled secondary reagents for signal discovery. This approach suffers false positive due to the inclusion of intermediate reactive molecules that are nothing to do with the function of actual immune system. 4. Clinical trials mostly done with select set of ethnic people. This biased approach followed by many companies is with a hidden objective of projecting the vaccine candidates as effective vaccines. In reality these vaccines may fail if a larger set of ethnic people is included at the trial. Let us see the importance of why USIMB avoids all these drawbacks little more in details.

1. No whole genome approach

This would be big problem with vaccine discovery for pathogens with large number of genes. For example out of 4000 genes of mycobacterium tuberculosis 700-800 genes will have proteins expressed on the cell surface. A protein of 300 amino acids will produce 293 peptide of 8 amino acids length. When multiplied with 700 genes gives over 200,000 peptides for human immune system to select from. A company working one or two target protein has only a meagre 0.3% success rate. But at USIMB, we handle the whole genome and thus our success rate is 100%. Why other companies do not do at the genome level? It requires a highly sophisticated knowledge and expertise of using robots and high end computing starting from oligo design, synthesis, PCR, gene cloning, sequencing, sequence verification, protein expression, protein purification, handling membrane proteins in solutions, protein micro array preparations, protein micro array screening and data analysis.USIMB possess all those and its scientific team is a pioneer in this cutting edge tomorrow's technology.

2. USIMB's human based discovery system Vs others non-human based systems

If we lose a diamond ring somewhere in a dark part of a street, will you search for the ring at a different place where there is light just because that is where the light is? What is the probability of finding the ring at the lights? Zero, is it not? This is the same story of using non-human screening system at discovery stage while our intention is to find a vaccine for humans. Why we use a different system and spend lots of time and money and then set up a clinical trial where there is a better probability of failing. Other companies spent much money and time upto the end of preclinical stage and then start clinical trials. At USIMB, we start from human system, discover from human system and rarely do any animal studies including primate studies as they are not required as our discovery stage itself is with humans. USIMB's top level management team of scientists and think tank deeply think and analyse before investing its time and money. If you are an investor, think carefully before investing. We are the best bet for you.

3. USIMB's label-free screening system Vs others labelled systems

In an attempt to make a low signal into visible enough to sensors various biotech companies use labelled detection. Some of the labelling reagents are bulky enough to spoil or alter the real interaction. At USIMB we always try to avoid labelled reagents in our detection. We try our best to stay close to maintain the natural biomolecular interactions so that we do not run into false positives. False positives waste enormous human resources, time and money. They are real killers of big projects.

4. USIMB's label-free screening system Vs others labelled systems

Scarce in the availability of test samples from diverse ethnic population and also patients are two reasons for companies non diversifying. Another reason is that the market volume from third world countries would be minimal compared to that in developed countries and hence they ignore. Or some companies may select only patients from third world countries as the cost of trail and samples will be far less. At USIMB we always diversify our sample as much as we could in include samples and patients from all distinct ethnic and demographic people as we can.

Please contact us (email: VP.CRO.BIOMED@usimb.com, or VP.CMO.BIOMED@usimb.com phone: (001 617 606 5600) for complete info about products and projects.

The causes and treatment options

The fifth in the rank of top killer diseases is cancer. The most painful disease is cancer. The most researched disease is also cancer.

The causes of many other deadly diseases are well known, but not for cancer. The reason is there are several complexed factors that cause cancer. While exposure to environmental factors like chemicals and radiations are major sources for cancer origin, the single most important factor is infections. We can protect ourselves from the other two, but no way to protect from infections. Infectious pathogens are microscopic and not easily separable and controllable. Aero based infections are totally uncontrolled. So even infants right from day one get infection through air, though they are well protected from radiations and food. These living organism, unlike the radiations and toxic chemicals once enter into body stay there for ever until our body is not longer alive. This is why plants developed a mechanism by which the infected cells and cells in the layers close by all commit suicide by apoptosis. Though human cells also do this trick, some viruses block this process and make the cells to re-enter into divisive mode from differentiated mode and live for ever and expand far faster than normal cells. This type reprogramming of differentiated and committed not to multiply any longer into divisive self multiplicative life cycle is what stem cells and immune cells do. Chemo drugs can only be targeted to identify cancer cells by their proliferation character. Since stem cells and immune cells carry similar characteristics of the cancer cells any chemo therapy kills stem cells and immune cells as much as they kill cancer cells.

Residual Cancer cells: The real killer after Chemo, Radio & Surgical Treatments

Always surgery, radiation therapy or chemo therapy will never take out or kill 100% of cancer cells. All a cancer needs is a trace amount of residual cancer cells to expand. It takes only 3-6 months for the pin head size residual cancer cells to grow into full blown cancer. As the round of treatment goes up so are the therapy resistant cancer cell numbers. Side effects of radiation and chemo therapy are too many. It is always a question whether surgery mediated intrusion and damage near the cancer cells would stimulate cancer cells to grow further by increasing blood flow and nutrients supply to the cancer cell micro environment. Therefore one has to keep in mind the danger of these treatments to get rid off cancer. There is ample opportunity for radiation and surgery that target the specific location of localized solid tumor to miss out some cancer cells even if planned to irradiate or surgically remove extra portion around the tumor. Chemical drug treatment of cancer does not suffer this limitation. Hence one would put more hope on chemical drug treatment as the drug passes all over the body. In reality chemo therapy is more dangerous as the drug distribution is systemic, not localized to cancer environment. For non solid tumors like blood cancer as well as metastasized solid tumor chemo becomes the only option. Unfortunately chemo drug treatment concept itself is to kill all dividing cells not restricted to cancer cells alone, stem cells and immune cells all got killed. This can be seen beyond doubt from the visual fact losing hair by patients after chemo treatment. Hair continuously fall and get replenished from the stock of stems cell. Since chemo drug kills these stem cells patients lose hair as a whole. So chemo drug runs the most dangerous risk of losing most of stem cells which are must to sustain the life. Another worst effect is the killing of immune cells that are also must to defend ourselves against cancer, infections and all diseases. In order to save the patients from infections, the chemo patients are treated with high doses of combination of antibiotics and other drugs which also give rise to further drug mediated complications. All these troubles are due to our failure to understand how our body evolved to tackle diseases including cancer.

Immune therapy for cancer

If worms secrete glue like substances to tackle infectious pathogens to stick the pathogens together and push them out along their digestive track humans should not blindly design similar glue like compounds. Humans evolved differently than all other species. If we look for similarities we will find similarities. But if we look for difference we will find ample differences in immune system between humans and other species. Is it not the immune system that distinguishes mother from child and twin siblings from one another? So, if the immune system is the army of defenders evolved by humans to kill cancer cells right at its budding, and if some thing happened to immune system that it fails or the infections survive by evading immune system, we should find out and correct the immune system or provide it additional tools to circumvent immune evasion. Is some one loses a leg, we try to replace with a similar prosthetic leg, not totally unrelated stuff. That is the only way we can keep a human to function like a human. This is why USIMB's immunologists and other scientists teamed up to discover various ways different types of cancer cells evade immune system and find ways to correct the immune system and augment with proper tools and let these newly engineered immune cells tackle cancer cells. USIMB is developing a variety of active and passive immune therapies both autologous and allogeneic types. Our proprietary treatments also include many herbal supplements to help replenishing the newly constituted immune cells to grow enough to kills cancer cells. Even for patients after chemo, radio and surgical treatments, augmentation with our immune therapies will help revival of the variety of stem cells of the patients. Stem cells and immune cells are similar in many characteristics and thus our immune therapy also enhances stem cells. In our treatment within the tumor micro environment stem cells and immune cells compete with cancer cells for nutrients while immune cells selectively kill cancer cells. Unlike chemo immune cells do not kill all dividing cells. Immune cells are engineered to kill only cancer cells based on specific tumor markers. There are a variety of immune therapies available elsewhere in the world. Only at USIMB, different combinatorial immune therapies and proper augmentation with stem and immune cell growth stimulation factors and Chinese and Indian herbs are being developed.

Stem cell Therapies

A simple truth that reawakened the scientists

We all know that we are the developmental structure of a single cell, the combination born out of an egg and a sperm. But we forgot for a long time that still cells similar to that single cell that gave rise to all organ specific cells do exist and we can manipulate them and use for medical treatment. These cells are termed as "stem cells". When a function is defective in human body, will it be due to the defect in a single gene in a single type of cells, or single gene in multiple cell types, or a group of genes in a single cell or a group of genes in a of cells belonging to a single organ or systemic? Thus with three groups of variables, viz., gene, cell type and organ type, and several variables within each group (e.g. gene group has over 40000 variables (genes) in total and 10000 per cell type) give rise to multiple permutation and combination. Defect in any one of these or a mixture of a few may be the reason we get diseases. It is difficult to identify all these defects and more difficult to correct them all. A close look at the human cells reveal the fact that human body replenishes the cells it needed not from the first embryo cell, but from several intermediate cells termed stem, cells. These stem cells are committed in a sense that they would give rise to different types of cells within a particular group. For example a hematopoietic stem cell will differentiate into different lineage of hematopoietic cells but not into a muscle cell or a nerve cell. It is wise that body maintains a small pool of stem cells of different lineage. It does not need to start from embryo-like cells and develop and differentiate all the way up to a particular cell type. It can start from the intermediate lineage specific stem cells and develop and differentiate to any type of cells within that lineage. This method followed by human body saves enormous time and thus could replenish the loss of any particular type of cells faster than it would if starts from embryo-like stem cell. Not all lineage specific stem cells have been identified and hence even existence of such stem cells is questioned by some. But, interesting is the new development that even the differentiated cells can be made to revert back to lineage specific stem cells or even all the way back to embryo-like stem cells with gene manipulation techniques. There are several disease types which could be treated with stem cells. This is why USIMB made engineering stem cells as one of its prime objectives. Usually lenti viruses are used generate stem cells. But USIMB developed non-viral mediated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) creation techniques which it uses to engineer immune cells for Immune Therapy for Cancer and other iPSCs for treating a variety of diseases. Though it is easier the creation of iPSCs with viral vector, USIMB avoids them. USIMB's motive is not making money but to give safe medicines and treatments for humans. Hence USIMB avoids using foreign DNA in all its therapeutics.

Diagnostic Services

Several hospitals and dedicated companies offer diagnostic services. But USIMB's diagnostic services are at a different level than the ones offered by others.

Next-Gen sequencing services.

There are several Next-Gen sequencing (NGS) machine that when given any sample that contains genomic DNA would give DNA sequencing info. How a company deals with the large quantity of genomic data is upto the intellectual capacity of its work force. At USIMB, we have highly experienced professors who have done pioneering research and taught bioinformatics at universities for several decades. USIMB data analysis is performed using custom developed software packages not available elsewhere. These professionals analyse the NGS data and evaluates the probability of getting a particular genetic disease including cancers, and also give recommendation to physicians about types and dose of medications to each individual patient. Our biochemist scientists perform additional protein and cell based assays to further fine-tune the NGS data based prediction. Thus USIMB recommendations are not just based on gene mutations only but also based on protein and cell functions.

We can do deep sequencing, custom enrichment of the piece of DNA of interest, enrichment of specific exons, and other targeted sequencing.

Immune Services

T, B, NK cell activation, maturation, proliferation assays, NK cell mediated cell killing assay, CD4 subtype assay, PBMC cell mediated cell killing assays, custom engineered NK cell mediated ADCC assay, immune cell stimulation and cytokine secretion quantitative assay, ELISPOT assay, antibody-antigen kinetics using label free Surface Plasmon Resonance assays, DNA-protein interaction kinetics, receptor-ligand interaction kinetics,enzyme kinetics, small molecule - protein interaction kinetics, multiplex assays, antibody subtype assay. Call us or email us for quotes of service charges. All assays are performed by experienced technicians and cross checked by PhD team leaders. All data are logged with date and time following all the terms and conditions of the regulatory authorities.

Molecular biological and protein assays

USIMB offers all types of molecular biological assays involving DNA, RNA and oligo. We do Southern, Northern, ELISA, Western, phosphorylation kinase assay, various protein modification assays, cellular localization assays (confocal as well as 2D assays), and various reporter assays at all level of complexities from 96 well plates all the up to microchips. We have sophisticated automated RTPCR, QPCR and p450 assay platform and our results are consistently reproducible.

Herbal Medicines

The four different medicinal systems in practice

Tribal people around the world by trial and error have identified hundreds of different types of medicinal plants. Although several such medicinal herbs have still been used in different parts of Africa and south America, three systems warrant attention as they are more researched and practised with success. 1. Arabic Yunani, 2. Chinese traditional herbals and acupuncture/acupressure, 3. Ayurvedha/Siddha and Yoga of India. All these three systems use extensive crude extracts of plants from roots, skins, leaves, flowers and seeds. On the other hand, the modern western medicine Allopathy originated initially from Greece and developed well in Europe and North America uses individual highly active single chemical molecule as drug. The source of the medicinal compounds for all the 4 systems are the lower organisms and also compounds and chemical elements found in the earth. Each one differs from the others by the preparation, storage and treatment application methods. While the east welcomed the Allopathy with open hands, the west opposed the eastern methods and set aside them as non-proven systems. The east offered medical degrees both in Allopathy and in the country's own medical system as well. Eastern countries also funded for research into their traditional medical systems in addition to Allopathy. Over the years both China and India have discovered several valuable treatment options of their own medical systems which they practice and succeed when they fail with Allopathy. But the west was neglecting the Chinese/Indian medical systems for a long time. Only recently people in the west they go for Chinese/Indian medical treatment and speak about in the media as alternative medicine though still the governments and medical insurance companies do not approve those traditional medicinal systems.

Allopathy to Preventive medicine to Modern medicine

The western medical system evolved to a current modern medicine from Allopathy. Allopathy practised only in a very narrow region of the world, Europe. Entire Europe has cold weather for half the year and hence is not conducive for many plant species to evolve. On the other hand, South America, Africa and India have best optimal weather for species evolutions including plants. So Europeans did not have an opportunity to experiment with very many plants. But that was not the main reason for the Europeans' failure in experimenting with herbs. Their main belief was allo+patho which meant opposite+suffering. This means to relieve from one suffering, patients had to be introduced opposite suffering. They created the opposite suffering by mainly blood letting, blistering, plastering, puking, poulticing, sweating, fumigation, dehydration, purging by calomel, and vomiting. This system of medicine was also named "heroic medicine" because of the very harsh way of treating diseases. Infectious pathogens as the cause for most of the diseases were not known those times. Three American presidents including the first president of United States George Washington have been killed by doctors by trying to treat their disease by these harsh methods of blood letting and calomel. Those men had pneumonia caused by viral infections that could be cured very easily now. Read this website for details. allopathy.html Later part of the 19th century and early part of the 20th century was the period for preventive medicine. Though infections are suggested to cause diseases technology were not there to isolate and identify and re inoculate and verify the induction of diseases until late in the 20th century. The first antibiotic penicillin was discovered in the year 1928. Then the west seriously researched into penicillin like single chemical compounds. Thus the western medical research got trapped once again into the wrong method of looking for single active compound. Please read below about another paradox of the modern medicine.

Pathway: Right or wrong?

Subsequent to the discovery of Penicillin its mode of action and pathway of action were discovered. That put another nail in the discovery of modern medicine. Whether a herbal extract has anticancer activity or not? That is not the question modern medicine accepts the answer to approve something as medicine. Rather it ask the question whether is there a single molecule isolated from any source (like herb) that has the desired activity? If "yes" then it can be accepted as a drug. If not, throw the herb away. The second question modern medicine asks is whether the pathway of action of the isolated compound is known or not? If not, no drug company will come forward to invest in that drug development as it is unlikely that this compound may get approved by FDA and EMA. After so many years of failure, a period during which traditional medicines have been efficiently applied to control infections, particularly the viruses by people in India and China, modern medicine still is in search of good antiviral drugs. The fundamental truth of living system that it has multiple salvage pathways and thus if one pathway is blocked it would open up another and try to survive it conveniently forgotten. So, for some infections and particularly for other diseases like cancer drugs can be effective only if multiple pathways are blocked simultaneously. In that case looking for a single active compound is going to fail in total as no single compound can effect the anticancer activity we are hoping for. May be the herbal extracts have multiple active ingredients and when applied all has anticancer action or else none.

Antiviral herbs: the holy grail of treating all viral infections

The initial success of antibiotics were tremendous. It made the Chinese and Indian systems of medicine not trust worthy as they do not have the fast action of an antibiotic of modern medicine. This is like cutting a tree. When modern medicine acts like cutting a tree with a power saw whereas Chinese and Indian medicines are like digging the ground around the tree. We won't get the results until a long time. Unfortunately after cutting a tree, within couple of months, at the left over stem, more stems will branch out and grow faster and stronger and resist power saw cutting the second time. The third time saw won't cut them at all. Cancer spreads resistant to the chemo and kill the patient eventually. On the other hand the herbal medicines digging ground around the tree root out the tree totally and nothing can grow in its place. So herbal treatments act more like a permanent cure. There several Indian herbs, not one or two, that wonderfully work well against Hepatitis and take out the viral load in two to four weeks time. Of course trace amounts may survive dormant inside the human body which we have not tested so far. But that disease never attacks that patient. These herbs may work very well against Yellow fever virus also as the physical symptoms of Hepatitis mediated Jaundice and Yellow fever look similar. Or these herbs would have medicine for the entire Flaviviridae family of RNA viruses or even more.

USIMB's Antiviral and anticancer Herbal Research

Understanding the importance of anticancer and antiviral activities of herbs, USIMB focuses on experimenting with several herbs that have been used for several hundred years with enormous success in certain type of diseases. We are working with experts of traditional medical practitioners, professors of the Head of the Government of India's Ayurvedha and Siddha research center and various Ayurvedha and Siddha doctors working in government and private hospitals in India. We have integrated modern instruments, immune assays, microchip based genomic variation and mutation detection assays and other cell and infection monitoring assays for this research. USIMB continuously monitors the changes effected by the herbal extracts at systemic, organ specific, cellular and genome levels. We are also trying to isolate multiple combinations of herbal extracts to have desired antiviral and anticancer activities. We have a variety of cancers and viruses in our current pursuit.